Discuss the character of Banquo and his role in Macbeth Essay Example for Free

Talk about the character of Banquo and his job in Macbeth Essay Banquo was one of Duncans courageous commanders. He was a man of respect and honesty. He held a similar position as Macbeth and they were firmly connected characters. They were fearless and faithful warriors. The two of them saw the Witches forecasts and their future triumphs were prognosticated all through the play. Banquo had a liberal soul and an objective perspective on the world and had the qualities required by a decent King, in any case, Banquo was an uncertain character, in that he was doubtful of Macbeths way following their experience with the Witches. Macbeths convictions stressed Banquo, as he was a decent man and he accepted profoundly in maintaining Gods rule of request. Banquo detected that the Witches forecasts provoked new responses in Macbeth further promising his aspirations towards authority. Banquos first experience with the Witches was very fantastic to him and he commented to Macbeth, What are these, So shriveled, thus wild in their clothing, That dislike thinhabitants oth earth, But then are on,t? , Banquos words portray Macbeths alarmed and uncomfortable response to the Witches forecasts, contacting moral disarray in Macbeth by saying to him, Great sir, for what reason do you start, and appear to fear Things that don't sound so reasonable? The half rhyme dread and reasonable echoes the Witches past reasonable and foul. Despite the fact that Banquo was not terrified of the Witches, he despite everything needed them to address him and yet he wished to stay disconnected from them. He tended to the Witches, saying, Address me, who neither ask, nor dread Your favors nor your abhor. The Witches thusly answered, Thou shalt get Kings, however thou be none. The Witches coordinated the vast majority of their predictions towards Macbeth and Banquo saw how somewhere out in dreamland his partner was a direct result of this experience and commented, Look how our accomplices riveted. At the point when the Witches disappeared, Banquo and Macbeth were shocked, thinking about whether what they had recently seen was without a doubt genuine or simply dream. When Banquo heard that Macbeth was to become Thane of Cawdor, as opposed to Macbeths fervor, he indicated attentiveness and detected that the Witches words may be misleading by telling Macbeth, Also, as a rule, to win us to our damage, The instruments of murkiness disclose to us realities, Win us with genuine wastes of time, to sells out In most profound outcome. Banquo is aware in his synopsis of the method of allurement. Notwithstanding, opposing the predictions was a battle, in any event, for Banquo. He said to his child Fleance, Kind forces, Limit in me the reviled contemplations that nature Offers approach to in rest! Banquo was obviously upset by all the weird occasions that had occurred. He was reluctant to rest and the Witches words came back to him in his fantasies when he did as such. Subsequent to King Duncan was killed, Banquo turned out to be exceptionally dubious of Macbeth and was getting worried about his fate. He talked about this to the Kings child Malcolm, In the extraordinary hand of God I stand, and thus Against the undivulged falsification I battle Of treasonous vindictiveness. Notwithstanding, I scrutinize Banquo as a result of his resignation when he says, soon a short time later, Thou hast it all now, King, Cawdor, Glamis, all As the abnormal ladies guaranteed, and I dread Thou playdst most disgustingly fortress: Clearly Banquo suspected Macbeths contribution in Duncans passing, yet he made no strides against Macbeth. I presume this was on the grounds that Banquo had aspiration as well, similar to Macbeth when he says, May they not be my prophets too, Also, set me up in trust? In any case, quiet, no more. Macbeths prediction had worked out as expected, so he trusted, maybe it would all occur for him and he would father a line of Kings. Banquos inaction and doubts of Macbeth pulled in Macbeths consideration as his monologue in Act 3 signifies, Our feelings of trepidation in Banquo Stick profound, and in his eminence of nature Rules what might be dreaded. At that point toward the finish of his talk he truly communicates his deepest contemplations by saying, Just for them, and mine interminable gem Given to the shared adversary of man, To make them Kings, the seed of Banquo Kings! This demonstrated he was resolved that nobody would meddle with his majesty. Macbeth saw Banquo as basically too solid and fair an opponent to be left alive. Here once more, we see that Macbeth and Banquo were firmly connected. They were both awful and bound with blemishes inside themselves. Macbeth got fixated by unreasonable interests, at that point outrage and dread grabbed hold, bringing about Macbeth having Banquo killed. Macbeth held a feast to commend his authority which Banquo had consented to go to as boss visitor. He was in reality boss visitor, however just noticeable to Macbeth as an apparition, insulting him, making him crazy with blame. Macbeth felt this apparition was genuine, yet it was just an expansion of the malevolence in Macbeths pained brain. This insane response in Macbeths vision stirred the doubts of the rulers joining in. This conduct showed Macbeth as completely disturbed, in any case, it was Banquo who at last uncovered Macbeths trickiness by appearing to him as an avenging heavenly attendant and profoundly featuring Macbeths blame. There were differentiates in Banquos character. He was good to the King, yet, he was pitiful, incapable to act when his doubts of Macbeths malicious were self-evident. There is likewise proof of differentiation among Macbeth and Banquo in Act 2. I, when neither of them can rest. Banquo was tormented by the Witches expectations and Macbeth was driven by them. Banquo truly needed what the Witches anticipated, and yet he needed to keep an unmistakable heart. He additionally saw how Macbeth transformed from a steadfast warrior into a greedy dictator, however with everything occurring so hurriedly he probably won't have had the opportunity to follow up on his doubts and perhaps he considered the way that his doubts may have been off-base. Banquo obviously shows indications of uncertainty all through the play.

Analysis of a Vacant Position in an Organization

Investigation of a Vacant Position in an Organization Unique An associations workforce is its most significant resource. Directors today are taking a gander at new and creative ways for enrollment and determination of new laborers because of the scope of complexities engaged with the versatility of representatives all through the association and their cooperation with potential partners. Numerous progressions have happened inside the twentieth century and associations currently place a lot of significance on adaptability and the quick pace that happens inside the work environment. The work power advertise today is for the most part determined by joblessness and there are numerous people ready to take up work that are offered without thinking about their advantage, capabilities and wellness to take up the activity. Associations are then again exploiting and inclining towards enlisting these edgy people to limit expenses of keeping up profoundly qualified specialists. With the current circumstance, the enrollment procedure has, in this ma nner, ended up being harder than it has ever been. Therefore, numerous moral issues come up. A comprehension of business morals is commonly an issue that is as yet developing.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Analysis of a Vacant Position in an Organization explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper targets concealing light on these moral issues, regarding a departmental chief activity opening that was declared by a paper firm in Australia. It gives a short review of the expected set of responsibilities for departmental director position and the enrollment strategies to be utilized and their significance. The paper additionally goes further to disk the moral and legitimate issues influencing enrollment, and consolidates the pertinent hypotheses related with these issues. Presentation Workers are a key part of each association. These individuals are the essential hardware of the business and they are basic since they do the assignments importa nt for the business or organization. In acknowledgment of the significance of the human factor in associations, most organizations have a Human Resource (HR) division which is accused of in addition to other things recruiting of new workers. The work power showcase today is for the most part determined by joblessness. Contrasted with the circumstance before, it is generally simpler to locate a willing laborer for a given position today than it was previously. Most workers today are, consequently prone to wind up in wrong occupations standing out from their capabilities and even intrigue. This shockingly makes an interpretation of into an inconvenience to the organizations (Becker Gerhart 1996). All things considered, as much as nations experience the ill effects of high joblessness rates on one side, firms in similar nations experience the ill effects of absence of appropriate possibility for work. This wonder is likely brought about by the nonappearance of fit between the capabilit ies controlled by potential specialists and those required by the organizations. With the current circumstance, the enlistment procedure has, along these lines, ended up being harder than it has ever been. It is a lot simpler for an enlistment procedure to bring about an off-base worker since representatives are generally determined by edginess instead of energy to take up any activity that comes their direction (Schwartz 2010). E thical issues, therefore emerge from this mind boggling circumstance. Firms are progressively enticed to disregard the lawful and moral contemplations for enlistment (Ryan 2006). In this paper I will break down an empty departmental director position promoted by the pioneer paper association. I will indicate the different enrollment and choice methodologies that can be utilized to get the best recruit and talk about the moral and lawful ramifications of my choice choices.Advertising Looking for report on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Overview of departmental director position: deals office Department supervisor is a significant situation in meeting the benefit objectives of the association. The administrators regulate all the elements of a business office. They actualize systems and direct the departmental workers to expand efficiency. It is their duty to keep up and actualize stock introductions, coordinating the day by day exercises in the store and accommodating midpoints or deficiencies to adjust day by day money exchanges. The departmental director will lead workshops and trainings to manufacture aptitudes and propel their colleagues. He will perform constant evaluations on the efficiency levels of workers and help them in accomplishing their business objectives. He will be depended upon to think of strategies that will profit their areas of expertise and business on the loose. They execute changes as started by the organization and bolster bu siness endeavors. Via preparing their staff on deals pitches and stress the executives methods, they help associations in keeping up quality client care (Brannick Levine 2002). This legitimately converts into higher deals in the association and new business openings. Enrollment techniques Person-based examination Skills Recruitment is the way toward distinguishing the need in an association to add a representative to fill a given job and reporting an opportunity position to people in general or prospected possibility for the equivalent. While enrolling for the above depicted position, I will post an advert in an every day open paper declaring the opportunity. This will be to amplify the quantity of individuals who will know about the empty position. Informal exchange inside top position supervisors in the association won't be the essential type of correspondence for this situation as today is the situation in numerous associations (Warren 1999). The declaration will be available to the general population and won't offer inclination to any gathering of individual based on race sexual orientation, religion or shading. The advert utilized for this situation is an open chance to all candidates, not indicating essentials as far as training level or capabilities. It anyway indicates that the candidates ought to be eager, dynamic â€Å"people focused† pioneers. Such open opportunity declarations energize numerous candidates and don't hold the chance of locking out ability. The moral and lawful ramifications As people, our lives are guided by rules and guidelines which disclose to us acceptable behavior in given conditions. By and large, these standards are settled over numerous years and they are alluded to as morals. Chryssides and Kaler (1993) continue to characterize morals as an arrangement of good standards which helps with making a decision about social lead as â€Å"right† or â€Å"wrong† and this framework is significant for agreeable con junction in the society.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Analysis of a Vacant Position in an Organization explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More My preferred moral ramifications of enlistment will be to offer an equivalent chance to every intrigued applicant. Family and political associations won't precede expertise and competency as the key factors in this procedure of enlistment. With respect to legitimate measures, it is illicit to give inclination or victimize work candidates as far as race, sex, religion, shading, conjugal status, political stand, spot of inception, and physical or mental incapacity during work postings (Guardiano 1994). Employment prerequisites ought to be depicted in a manner to allow every single potential candidate to apply (Ryan 1995). Likewise, since Australia is a multicultural network which harbors some minority and distraught gatherings I will need to consider whether there are any governmental policy regarding minori ties in society programs set up. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society comprises of a lot of antidiscrimination estimates set up which are expected to guarantee access to certain situations by society individuals who might somehow or another by under-spoke to or completely avoided (Kellough 2006). Choice Process Selection follows enrollment and it includes picking an appropriate up-and-comer from the submitted application structures to fill the post. Choice is outfitted towards coordinating individuals to explicit occupations. This is extensively one of the most fundamental components in fruitful individuals the board of an association. In the wake of getting a pool of candidates as a result of the activity posting, I will base on a few strategies for examination to choose candidates who meet all requirements for a meeting. By taking a gander at the numerous application letters that I will get, I will initially play out an individual based examination for the departmen tal chief situation, by taking a gander at work force abilities and competency of the candidates (Milkovich Newman 2010). Expertise based examination During the determination, I will require a base capability of a single guys degree in business or a related order for this position. I will necessitate that the effective candidates be well outfitted with Information Technology aptitudes to oversee and design business exercises and records. Preparing abilities are basic to help the director in enlisting, training and evaluating representatives, and it will be an additional bit of leeway to those candidates who will have expressed these aptitudes in their application letters. (Brannick Levine 2002). The moral ramifications of the ability based examination will be to offer need to the profoundly qualified candidates to benefit both the association and the society.Advertising Searching for report on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More During interviews, I will pose direct inquiries that extend to a clarification on the employment opportunity necessities and desires. This will be to give the candidates an away from of what will be normal from the position allow me to watch their quick response, helping me to distinguish the most ideally equipped contender for the activity. I will take care to stay away from unlawful and biased inquiries. Posing inquiries on disallowed grounds, for example, whethe

5 College Essay Tips for Parents

5 College Essay Tips for Parents 5 College Essay Tips for Parents 5 College Essay Tips for Parents Brace yourself for what we are about to say: parents can be helpful in the college essay writing process. Yes, it’s true. Though this may be hard to believe â€" whether you are a parent or a high schooler â€" we believe that parents may actually be a powerful secret weapon when used correctly. Of course, there is a fine line between helping and taking over, motivating and commanding, so we’ve put together a list of the top things parents should and shouldn’t do during this crazy time. So, if you’re a parent or guardian, take heart, you have an important place in this process (even as you see your kids growing up). And high schoolers, don’t worry, we respect your space. Make sure to forward this list to mom and/or dad so that they know what to do. 1. Start early. When you enter the insanity that is college admissions, everyone needs to be on the same page about timeline. There is A LOT of writing involved, so the earlier you get started, the better. The Common App prompts are already out so now is a great time to look them over and do some preliminary brainstorming. Parents, this could mean that you do a little nagging in the next few months, or it could mean that you help your kids get organized and protect their time by making sure their schedules are not overloaded. (Pro tip: there are only 24 hours in a day.) 2. Understand that this is a process. As we tell our students all the time, great writing doesn’t happen overnight. It won’t happen in one sitting and it definitely won’t happen without effort. It’s important to remember this when looking over early drafts. Don’t be too hard on your college hopefuls, and don’t let them be too hard on themselves. Frustration and procrastination are often symptoms of perfectionism, and you can play a key role in helping manage stress and expectations. 3. Make yourself a resource. Your memory is a goldmine. You remember SO MUCH that your kids may not be able to recall. Encourage them to ask you questions, to look through old photo albums with you, or to mine your memory in other ways. The kinds of details that you can recall may spark new ideas and will definitely contribute colorful details to the narrative. 4. Remember whose essay this is. As much as you may know or remember, at the end of the day, this essay is not supposed to represent your memories or feelings or worldview. While your thoughts may be helpful during the early phases of the writing process, it’s important for you to step back as the essay develops. You know, like that time you finally let go of the bicycle seat. 5. Know when it’s time to ask for outside help. Under the intense pressure of the college admissions process, tempers can flare and otherwise copacetic relationships can become strained. As much as parental involvement can help during the writing process, that doesn’t mean it definitely will help. Sometimes it can feel like extra pressure and scrutiny. Distance can be your friend, and there’s no shame in calling for a mediator during this trying time. That’s what we’re for. Our lines are always open. About Thea HogarthView all posts by Thea Hogarth » In need of some advising help? Don't wait. CONTACT US »

Union Citizenship and the Charter of Fundamental Rights - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1615 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Human Rights Essay Did you like this example? Discuss the ECJ judgment of 10 October 2013 in Case C-86/12 Alokpa and Moudoulou in the light of the case law on Union citizenship and on the Charter of Fundamental Rights. The case of Alokpa and Moudoulou[1] concerns the right of Union citizens and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Union. The ECJ ruled that Article 21 TFEU and Directive 2004/38 grant Mrs Alokpa and her children a right to continue to reside in the host Member State, as the children are the nationals of another Member State and the parent is the minorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ primary carer. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Union Citizenship and the Charter of Fundamental Rights" essay for you Create order The Court then determined that if Article 21 did not apply, being forced to leave Luxembourg would not result in an obligation to leave the whole territory of the EU, as the children were French nationals. Mrs Alokpa would therefore have the right to reside in France as the sole caregiver of minors. Thus, the refusal of the Luxembourg authorities did not constitute a deprivation of the genuine enjoyment of the childrenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Union rights. The Court effectively says that whilst the European citizen minors cannot make use of their Article 20 TFEU right in Luxembourg, they could move to France and make use of it there. The minors would then be in the same position as the siblings in the Zambrano[2] case and that living in the country of their nationality the ECJ would have to protect their Union citizenship rights provided for in the charter, particularly the right to family life. The decision in Zambrano facilitated the acquisition of citizenship rights in what had p reviously been considered à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"purely internal situationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, thought to be beyond the scope of Union law. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"purely internalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ rule gives rise to problems of reverse discrimination, where à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"staticà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ EU citizens who have not exercised their right to free movement are at a disadvantage and unable to rely on EU law. It is suggested that Union citizens may be motivated to make use of their free movement rights in order to benefit from the right to family reunification under the conditions laid down in Directive 2004/38.[3] This situation, where movement within the territory of the Union almost becomes a practical obligation instead of a right, inevitably raises the issue of potential abuse of the rights attached to EU citizenship.[4] In the past, the court has tackled the issue of reverse discrimination by loosely finding a link to Union law, such as in Garcia Avello[5] and later in Zhu and Chen.[6] H ere the ECJ explicitly stated that the exercise of the right of free movement is not a prerequisite to the application of Union law on residence and held that a Union citizen with the nationality of one Member State residing in another Member State does present a sufficiently Union-linked situation to invoke Union law regarding the right to free movement and residence. This relates directly to the case of Alokpa and Moudoulou. The subsequent case of McCarthy[7] had the effect of mitigating somewhat the potentially far-reaching implications of the decision in Zambrano. This case called upon the Court to determine whether a European citizen had a right to be issued with a residence card by the member state of which she was a national despite having never exercised her right of free movement. The motivation behind this was to derive a secondary right of residence under Union law for her spouse. The Court sidestepped the issue of family unification and held that as she had an uncondi tional right to reside in her home member state, she was not à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"deprived of the genuine enjoymentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ of her citizenship rights by the decision to refuse her a residency card. However, Lansbergen and Miller[8] submit that the court did not consider that a decision to deport the spouse would nevertheless deprive the claimant of her right to a family life provided by the charter. By finding that there was no deprivation of genuine enjoyment of the Union citizenship rights, the Court in McCarthy arguably undermines the decision in Zambrano, as the EU citizen children in Zambrano also had an unconditional right to reside in their national state; their à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"deprivationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ arose not from insufficient protection of their own residency but that of their family member. McCarthy is criticised by Wiesbrock[9] as leaving Union citizens in an unsatisfactory position, where it is increasingly difficult to establish when oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Uni on citizenship rights are protected. AG Sharpston[10] suggests that in order to remedy the issue of reverse discrimination, the right to move should be disconnected from the right to reside. She advised the ECJ to acknowledge the right to residency as a free-standing right for European citizens and to extend the existing case law to situations in which no actual movement has taken place. Moreover, Sharpston considered that even if the Court should fail to accept the right of residence as a freestanding right, infringement of the citizenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s right to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"move and resideà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ within the territory of the Union nevertheless occurs by preventing them from exercising that right in the future. This corresponds with the reasoning in Rottmann[11], where the Court for the first time explicitly departed from the doctrine that a cross-border element is required to trigger the application of EU law. The Court simply observed that the national measure at stake fell à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“by reason of its nature and its consequences within the ambit of EU lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [12] which would have in effect have caused the citizen to lose the rights conferred on them by the Treaties. In Dereci,[13] the Court clarified the criteria that should be applied to distinguish between the scope of application of EU law and the areas that remain governed by national law. The court held that Article 20 TFEU applies only to exceptional situations in which the Union citizen has to leave not only the territory of the Member State of which he is a national but the territory of the Union as a whole. In the ECJs view, it will be for the referring court to verify whether the challenged measures respect private and family life guaranteed by Article 7 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights. The Court stressed however, that, in accordance with Article 51 of the Charter, Article 7 should only apply if the situation of the applicants is covered by EU law and thus c annot be used in a purely internal situation. The contrasting outcomes in Zambrano and McCarthy raised the question whether the different status of the Union citizens in both cases (minor children and adult partner) played a role in finding whether or not there was a deprivation of citizenship rights. In Dereci, the Court makes a direct link between the requirement of dependency and the capacity to live independently within the territory of the Union. Therefore, it follows that the Zambrano reasoning only applies when static Union citizens would have no choice but to follow their third-country family members out of the territory of the Union on refusal of a right of residence in the country of which the citizen in question is a national. Considering the previous case law on citizenship and the charter, I must conclude that the decision in Alokpa and Moudoulou is a sound one. It is consistent with the judgement in Dercei, that only a situation, in which refusal of residency to a third-country national family member would result in the European national having to leave the Union territory due to dependency upon that family member, would deprive the EU national of enjoyment of his fundamental Union rights. As Mrs Alokpa and her children would not have to leave the territory of the union as a result of Luxembourgà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s refusal to grant a residency permit, the children are not deprived of the genuine enjoyment of their citizenship rights. Although it could be argued that the childrenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Article 21 right to freedom of movement would be impinged by having to leave the territory of Luxembourg, despite the children having not themselves exercised this right, having been born there. The onus is placed on the childrenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s national member state to provide for their Article 20 Union citizenship rights. Bibliography Stanislas Adam and Peter Van Elsuwege, (2012) Citizenship rights and the federal balance between the European Union and its member states: comment of Dereci European Law Review Anja Lansbergen and Nina Miller (2011). Court of Justice of the European Union European Citizenship Rights in Internal Situations: An Ambiguous Revolution? Decision of 8 March 2011, Case C-34/09 Gerardo Ruiz Zambrano v Office national dà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢emploi (ONEM) European Constitutional Law Review Anja Wiesbrock,(2011) Disentangling the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Union citizenship puzzleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ? The McCarthy case, European Law Review H.van Eijken and S.A. de Vries [2011] A new route into the promised land? Being a European citizen after Ruiz Zambrano, European Law Review C-135/08 Rottmann [2010] C-148/02 Garcia Avello [2003] C-200/02 Zhu and Chen [2004] C-256/11 Dereci and Others [2011] C-434/09 McCarthy [2011] C-34/09 Ruiz Zambrano [2011] C-86/12 Alokpa and Moudoulou [2013] Opinion of Advocate General Sharpston delivered on 30 September 2010 1 [1] C-86/12 Alokpa and Moudoulou [2013] [2] C-34/09 Ruiz Zambrano [2011] [3] Stanislas Adam and Peter Van Elsuwege, (2012) Citizenship rights and the federal balance between the European Union and its member states: comment of Dereci European Law Review [4] Stanislas Adam and Peter Van Elsuwege, (2012) Citizenship rights and the federal balance between the European Union and its member states: comment of Dereci European Law Review [5] C-148/02 Garcia Avello [2003] [6] C-200/02 Zhu and Chen [2004] [7] C-434/09 McCarthy [2011] [8] Anja Lansbergen and Nina Miller (2011). Court of Justice of the European Union European Citizenship Rights in Internal Situations: An Ambiguous Revolution? Decision of 8 March 2011, Case C-34/09 Gerardo Ruiz Zambrano v Office national dà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢emploi (ONEM) European Constitutional Law Review [9] Anja Wiesbrock,(2011) Disentangling the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Union citizenship puzzleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ? The McCarthy case, Europe an Law Review [10] Opinion of Advocate General Sharpston delivered on 30 September 2010 [11] C-135/08 Rottmann [2010] [12] ibid p42 [13] C-256/11 Dereci and Others [2011]

Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa - 1462 Words

Many individuals nowadays suffer from many illnesses, one in particular is eating disorders. There are many types of eating disorders, but there are three common ones that are known today, which are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. Eating disorders are not healthy, this type of disease can be very fatal and crucial to one s health mentally, physically, and socially. The purpose of this report is to provide background information about eating disorders, strategies to prevent this illness from occurring, and lastly potential cures and treatments that can be attained to an individual if the illness is caught early. Using this information outsiders who are not familiar to this topic can be more aware.†¦show more content†¦There will be numerous times where one can be put down by others when feeling good about themselves. This will usually cause a rough time for that individual which can lead to starvation. Eventually, the anorexic s body will start to deteriorate, his/her self-esteem will diminish, and he or she will begin to remove themselves from social interaction; along with his/hers communication with loved ones and friends will begin to reduce. An individual who is suffering with this disorder may no realize what they are doing to themselves; unless the consequences begin to arise to surface. Some of them are, not eating regularly, skipping meals, and loss of appetite. Family and friends usually come to realization when the anorexic is battling this disorder. One would see physical signs like, exhaustion, loss of hair, bags under their eyes, or increase of exercising, and of course, weight loss. This crucial disease can cause behavioral, physical, cognitive, and psychosocial symptoms for ones health; some examples of these would be binge-eating, dehydration, agitation, compulsion, and of course other medical diagnoses that caused by this (Anorexia Causes and Effects). An anorexic will often deal with major risk factors that can play a powerful role. A few examples of these major risks could be low self esteem, strict dieting, difficulty in expressing feelings, and of course many others (Anorexia Nervosa). The longer an individual battles withShow MoreRelatedEating Disorder : Anorexia Nervosa1622 Words   |  7 Pages Bulimia Nervosa To be diagnosed with eating disorder, someone must meet certain criteria. The criterion for diagnosis slightly varies depending on if you are referring to people who (A) fear gaining weight, and have significant weight loss,(B) eating a huge amount of food , then use laxative to remove the binged food, (C) the use of excessive exercise and fasting in order to remove or to reduce the amount of calories consumed, and (D) distorted body image, no matter how thin they become, theyRead MoreEating Disorder : Anorexia Nervosa1658 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen affected by this disorder. The specific disorder that is being referred to in this paper, an eating disorder, is Anorexia Nervosa, the restricting type. An eating disorder â€Å"involve[s] disordered eating behaviors and maladaptive ways of controlling body weight† (Nevid, Rathus, Greene, 2014, p. 335). Another well-known eating disorder is Bulimia Nervosa which is characterized by binging and purging (Nevid, Rathus, Greene, 2014, p. 338). Bulimia is different than anorexia since victims of bulimiaRead MoreEating Disorders And Anorexia Nervosa Essay1948 Words   |  8 Pagesnotion of an â€Å"ideal† body and eating disorders, there is no consensus as to the root cause of eating disorders. The general belief is that eating disorders result from one or more biological, behavioral, and social factors including genetics, unpleasant experiences/trauma, peer pressure, teasing, and family members with eating disorders, among others. There are numerous types of eating disorders. Both women and men are affected by eating disorders each day. Eating disorders can occur from an early ageRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa1493 Words   |  6 PagesIllness Paper – Anorexia Nervosa February 28, 2016 According to the Mayo Clinic (2016), eating disorders are â€Å"conditions related to persistent eating behaviors that negatively impact your health, your emotions, and your ability to function in important areas of life.† One such eating disorder is anorexia nervosa. Not to be confused with anorexia, which is simply a general loss of appetite that can be attributed to many medical ailments, anorexia nervosa is a serious eating disorder and mental illnessRead MoreEating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa1653 Words   |  7 PagesAnorexia Nervosa Anorexia Nervosa is one of several subtypes descending from feeding and eating disorders. It is a crippling life-threatening condition marked by a patient placing restriction on energy intake relative to needed energy requirements, resulting in a relentless pursuit of low body weight in the context of age, sex, development and physical health. According to American Psychiatric Publishing of diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa, often timesRead MoreEating Disorders And Anorexia Nervosa947 Words   |  4 PagesEating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder consist of emotions, attitudes, and behaviors surrounding weight and food issues. Up to 24 million people of all ages and genders suffer from an eating disorder in the U.S (ANAD, n.d.) bulimia nervosa as well as the other eating disorders are considered to be a female eating disorder, a disorder that only affects women which limits males to seek treatment let alone make aware to other that they suffer from bulimiaRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa974 Words   |  4 PagesI have always been intrigued with eating disorders, particularly Anorexia Nervosa. When I was 18 years of age, my mother questioned whether or not I was Anorexic and she took me to the family practitioner, who then informed me that I was three pounds shy from being considered underweight. I knew I was thin, but I was really thin, but also really proud of my size. In an African American urban environment being thin was related to illness and drug abuse. I was often teased about how thin and fragileRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa889 Words   |  4 PagesANAD Eating Disorder Statistics about thirty million people in America of all ages and genders suffer from one of the three main eating disorders. Many people suffer from more than one of the eating disorders. Only 1 in 10 individuals receive the treatment that is needed to recover(AND A). Often eating disorders are known to be triggered by outside factors in their life, but studies show that it is more likely to be a part of their genetics. According to Webster the definition of an â€Å"Eating Disorder†Read MoreAnorexia Nervosa- Eating Disorder1685 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of anorexia are mostly seen on the outside of the victim’s body, but do not be fooled. This detrimental eating disorder affects one’s mind just as much as it would the body. What Anorexia does to the mind is that it distorts the way one views their body. Victims of anorexia become fixated on their body image and overly critical about their flaws and weight. Even being obviously underweight, Anorexics will continuously deny that they have a problem and continue with their fatal practices.Read MoreEating Disorders And Anorexia Nervosa951 Words   |  4 PagesEating disorders are a sickness that can come from psychological issues and it can disrupt the everyday diet. â€Å"A person with an eating disorder may have started out just eating smaller or larger amounts of food, but at some point, the urge to eat less or more spira led out of control.† The common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is when someone see’s themselves as an overweight person, so they watch what they eat since, they have a fear of becoming overweight

Analyse on “Broken boat” by John Galsworthy Free Essays

Good time management is essential for coping with the pressures of modern life without experiencing too much stress. If you never have enough time to finish your tasks, better time management will help you regain control of your day. Good time management doesn’t mean you do more work. We will write a custom essay sample on Analyse on â€Å"Broken boat† by John Galsworthy or any similar topic only for you Order Now It means you focus on the tasks that matter and will make a difference. Whether it’s in your job or your lifestyle as a whole, learning how to manage your time effectively will help you feel more relaxed, focused and in control. â€Å"The aim of good time management is to achieve the lifestyle balance you want,† says Emma Donaldson-Feilder, a chartered occupational psychologist. Here are her top tips for better time management: Work out your goals This first step towards improving your time management is to ask yourself some questions. â€Å"Work out who you want to be, your priorities in life, and what you want to achieve in your career or personal life,† says Donaldson-Feilder. â€Å"That is then the guiding principle for how you spend your time and how you manage it.† Once you have worked out the big picture, even if it’s quite general, you can then work out some short-term and medium-term goals. â€Å"Knowing your goals will help you plan better and focus on the things that will help you achieve those goals,† says Donaldson-Feilder. Make a list A common time-management mistake is trying to remember too many details, leading to information overload. A better way to stay organised and take control of your projects and tasks is to use a to-do list to write things down. â€Å"Try it and see what works best for you,† says Donaldson-Feilder. She prefers to keep a single to-do list, to avoid losing track of multiple lists. â€Å"Keeping a list will help you work out your priorities and timings, so it can help you put off the non-urgent tasks.† Work smarter, not harder Good time management at work means doing high-quality work, not high quantity. Donaldson-Feilder advises concentrating not on how busy you are but on results. â€Å"Spending more time on something doesn’t necessarily achieve more,† she says. â€Å"Staying an extra hour at work at the end of the day may not be the most effective way to manage your time.† You may feel resentful about being in the office after hours. You’re also likely to be less productive and frustrated about how little you’re achieving, which will compound your stress. Have a lunch break Many people work through their lunch break to gain an extra hour at work, but Donaldson-Feilder says that can be counter-productive. â€Å"As a general rule, taking at least 30 minutes away from your desk will help you to be more effective in the afternoon,† she says. A break is an opportunity to relax and think of something other than work. â€Å"Go for a walk outdoors or, better still, do some exercise,† says Donaldson-Feilder. â€Å"You’ll come back to your desk re-energised, with a new set of eyes and renewed focus.† Planning your day with a midday break will also help you to break up your work into more manageable chunks. Prioritise important tasks Tasks can be grouped in four categories: urgent and important not urgent but important urgent but not important neither urgent nor important â€Å"When the phone rings, it seems urgent to pick it up but it’s not necessarily  important,† says Donaldson-Feilder. â€Å"It may be more important to continue with what you were doing rather than be distracted by a phone call. When it is appropriate, it may be more effective to let your voicemail pick up the message.† Donaldson-Feilder says people with good time management create time to concentrate on non-urgent, important activities. By so doing, they minimise the chances of activities ever becoming urgent and important. â€Å"The aim is to learn how to become better at reducing the number of urgent and important tasks. Having to deal with too many urgent tasks can be stressful,† says Donaldson-Feilder. Practise the 4 Ds We can spend up to half our working day going through our email inbox, making us tired, frustrated and unproductive. A study has found that one-in-three office workers suffers from email stress. Making a decision the first time you open an email is crucial for effective time management. To manage this burden effectively, Donaldson-Feilder advises practising the 4 Ds of decision-making: Delete: half of the emails you get can probably be deleted immediately. Do: if the email is urgent or can be completed quickly. Delegate: if the email can be better dealt with by someone else. Defer: set aside time at a later date to spend on emails that require longer action. How to cite Analyse on â€Å"Broken boat† by John Galsworthy, Papers

Promotion of Seat belt Safety among Adolescents Essay Example

Promotion of Seat belt Safety among Adolescents Essay Car accidents lead to extensive physical pain and premature death the world over (CDCP, 2001). Motor vehicle accidents remain as the main cause of death for 16- to 20-year-olds, accounting for approximately 5,500 occupant fatalities annually (NHTSA, 2005a). Each year, around 450,000 teenagers are injured, and 27,000 of them require hospitalization (NHTSA, 2005b). Of those killed, approximately 63% are drivers, 37% are passengers and 66% of teenagers who die in automobile crashes are male (NHTSA, 2005a). Among 16- to 24-year olds, only 77% wear seat belts (NHTSA NCSA, 2005).One study suggests that teenagers do not wear seat belts because: it is not ‘cool’; due to peer pressure; their usage wrinkles clothes and causes discomfort; the short distance to be traveled; and, the feeling that ‘nothing will happen to me’ (Volkswagen of America, n.d.).   Boyle et al. (2004) found that almost half of teenagers (47%) say that seat belts are ‘as likely to cause h arm as to help,’ while others report that wearing a seat belt makes them ‘worry more about being in an accident’ (27%), and that they would feel ‘self-conscious if they were going against the group norm in wearing safety belts’ (30%).Laws on seat belt use is present in most developed world—with the U.S. seeking to increase seat belt use to 92% (US DoH, 2000), which is similar to how other countries prioritize its use (UK DoH, 1999). Aside from legal mechanisms, driver’s education plays a great part in disseminating the value of seat belts among teenage drivers. The Graduated Driver Licensing system has imposed adolescents some restrictions in driving. School-based and media promotions reached every individual driving adolescent in the awareness of car accidents related to non-use of seat belts (Grossman Garcia, 1999).Estimated to save 9,500 lives yearly, seat belts have proven to be the most effective safety devices in vehicles at pres ent (NHTSA, 2000). However, only 68% of motor vehicle occupants use seat belts. If 90% of Americans buckle-up, more than 5,500 deaths and 132,000 injuries can be prevented per year. On the average, inpatient hospital care costs for non-seat belted vehicular victim are 50% more compared to seat belted victims. The victims do not pay for these costs; society does, assuming 85% of the costs (Dinh-Zarr et al., 2001).An annual savings of $8.8 billion will be made if the 90% seat belt usage will be reached (NHSTA, 2005a). The medical costs, lost future work and reduced quality of life are not enough exchange for not wearing seat belts. The cost of lost lives from the recklessness behavior of non-use of seat belt is too much to call for imposing health promotion on belt safety (NHTSA, 2000).This paper seeks to utilize the promotion approach to achieve higher compliance of seat belt use among adolescents. Indubitably, the seat belt problem raises important questions about the extent to whic h people will act voluntarily to reduce their risks. Existing levels of seat belt use suggest that the motivation to protect ones self against certain hazards is very weak, even for risks that are very real (Williams ; Shabanova, 2002). This paper argues that the promotion of seat belt safety in adolescents, if done effectively and efficiently with strict compliance, can prove to be pivotal in helping reduce risks to fatal and not fatal injuries from vehicular accidents.Role of the NursePreventive Approach. The nurse as the educator plays a vital role in educating adolescents on the value of seat belt safety. This provides a solid foundation for the teens’ driving throughout their lives, preparing them to become safe and responsible drivers. Driver’s education about seat belt safety can be disseminated through community health program, driver licensing procedures and school-based curriculum on health and safety. The nurse as an adviser attends to the anticipatory guide lines for driving teenagers which can be initiated through driver’s screening and education.Promotion Approach. The nurse as the endorser, role model and manager on promotion and public awareness can be done by means of media and advertising such as through radio, television, cellular phones, billboards, newspapers, books, stickers and pamphlets.Curative Approach. The nurse as a health care provider to victims of car accidents due to non-use of seat belts. Promotion on Seat belt Safety can be included as part of the nurse’s health teachings and discharge teaching instructions.Rehabilitative Approach. The nurse as the counselor can promote seat belt safety through counseling with behavior modification among delinquent teenage drivers. The nurse as a researcher can take a vital part in the search to unravel the solutions on seat belt safety programs and effective strategies to increase seat belt use.Care Management ProcessNursing AssessmentAdolescence seat belt complianc e problems are purely associated with the teenager’s health behaviors and attitudes. A strong need for peer approval, coupled with the myths of adolescence, may entice a young person to attempt hazardous feats, or participate in a variety of risk-taking behaviors like the non-use of seat belt when driving; neither injury nor death is strong enough to motivate this hard-to-reach group. They love to play with fire—excitement and experience are the chicken soups for the teenage soul.Nursing GoalsShort term goal: To construct an effective and efficient promotion of seat belt safety among adolescents. Long term goal: To promote compliance and habitual use of seat belt for safety purposes, thus eliminating car accidents related to non-wearing of seat belt.Nursing PlanTo construct a promotion mechanism on seat belt safety among adolescents by utilizing the nursing processes of family health nursing, community health nursing, and health education. In the field of media and adv ertising, to create a talk-of-the-town trend and fashion statement in promoting seat belt use.Nursing Strategy and ImplementationsPreventive Approach. Formulate an effective health education for driver licensing procedure. Health education will focus on the physiologic importance of seat belts (how does seat belt protect us during the crash), demonstrate the proper ways of using the seat belt, the function of the seat belt (what will happen to our body during crashes without the seat belt) and the possible injuries that can be sustained during the accident without wearing seat belt. In school-based curriculum, safety driving can be integrated as part of Health and safety subject by simply teaching the proper use of seat belt and the importance of it. It is better to start teaching safety driving to grade school students—the younger the child, the easier to inculcate a habit. Generate a seat belt campaign, seat belt rally or a vigil headed by the community health program as pa rt of the government’s health and safety program. For example, declaring January as the Seat belt Month or scheduling a Seat belt Consciousness Week. Distribution of educational health materials about seat belt safety or home visits by designated health care personnel as part of the community health program. Incentives programs with rewards and prizes for strict compliance of teenage drivers. Formulate a driver’s screening program focused on the psychological readiness of the applicant for safe driving among adolescents. Counseling on anticipatory guidelines together with the parents of teenage applicants. Support groups for the victims of accidents related to non-use of seat belt will help the counseling to be more effective.Promotion Approach: A trendy seat belt advertisement featuring popular teenage role models (such as teen or sports celebrities) who will advocate the use of seat belts—a young icon who will be the ‘ambassador of seat belt safetyâ€⠄¢. Launch a fashionable and trend-setting seat belt brand with varieties of designs and colors that address the taste and style of teenagers with both male and female motifs (in collaboration with local seat belt manufacturers). Remember that adolescence is the time of expression, imitations, idolizing celebrities, peer trends and fashion and creativity. Improve the seat belt designs to reduce discomforts.Curative Approach. Formulate a comprehensive health education in patient teaching program and discharge instructions for the injured adolescent confined in a hospital focused on safety driving and seat belt use.Rehabilitative Approach. Counseling and behavior modification for the victims of accidents related to non-use of seat belt and delinquent teenage drivers. A support group for the victims of accidents due to non-use of seat belt will also help (akin to Alcoholics Anonymous).Expected OutcomesEvaluation Techniques. Survey, road traffic and safety compliance reports, observatio ns, interviews, focus group discussions, community diagnosis, document analysis and statistical analysis regarding seat belt use and accidents related to the non-use of seat belts.Short term Outcomes. Strict screening for adolescents driver licensing program focused on psychological readiness will be followed; positive feedbacks on driver education about seat belt safety from adolescents; large number of adolescents groups joining the seat belt campaign; home visits reported large number of awardees for seat belt compliance; formation of advocacy groups for seat belt use; reading health/safety materials are provided for every adolescents; a movie or sports celebrity becoming more popular for his/her seat belt advocacy; a popularized jingle about seat belt; wide-use of fashionable seat belts; in a hospital or rehabilitation set up, there will be a decrease number of participants due to the decrease in accidents related to seat belt and decrease seat belt use violators.Long term. Incu lcating a habit-forming behavior of wearing seat belt among adolescents results in the decrease in the number of seat belts usage violators and decrease in the number of car accidents related to seat belts non-use.SummaryAdolescence is the time when the brain creates the â€Å"wiring† for perspectives and judgments. Thus, opportunities for promoting seat belt safety education present themselves in every aspect of an adolescent’s life: in the home, school, community and workplace. Teachable moments exist every time an adolescent learns a new skill, such as when behind the steering wheel—habitually buckling-up before or immediately after inserting the key to start the engine. Seat belt safety promotion strategies can be embedded in a myriad of avenues, such as in education, law enforcement, parental modelling and the media. Health and protection promotion behaviors are multidimensional and need to be considered separately.Parents have a key role in seat belt promo tion. They provide the transportation, financial and emotional support, and are in control of the car keys and insurance. They provide role modelling with their own behavior and set boundaries with appropriate consequences. Privileges associated with driving cars should depend upon the adolescents ability to demonstrate an adequate knowledge base on the safe use of such machines.Schools have the responsibility to disseminate information and proper education regarding seat belt safety, and rests primarily on the school nurse.Community health nursing can integrate and tailor strategies to meet the youth’s unique needs and opportunities for seat belt use. It is important to involve relevant stakeholders in planning and implementation of safety plans to increase commitment and involvement in carrying out solutions.Finally, it is recommended that further studies must be made on the following: on the efficacies of the various methods used to promote regular seat belt use; on the us age of seat belts among pregnant adolescents; on the extent of involvement of parents in adolescents’ licensing procedure; and regarding the expanded role of the nurse in seat belt promotion from school, community, organization, among others.

Display a TopMost System Modal Message Box With Delphi

Display a TopMost System Modal Message Box With Delphi With desktop (Windows) applications, a message (dialog) box is used to alert the user of the application that some action needs to be taken, that some operation was completed or, in general, to get users attention. In Delphi, there are several ways of displaying a message to the user. You can either use any of the ready-made message displaying routines provided in the RTL, like  ShowMessage or InputBox; or you can create your own dialog box (for reuse): CreateMessageDialog. A common problem with all the above dialog boxes is that they require the application to be active to be displayed to the user. Active refers to when your application has the input focus. If you really want to grab the users attention and stop them from doing anything else, you need to be able to display a system-modal topmost message box even when your application is not active. System-Modal Top Most Message Box Even though this might sound complicated, in actuality it really is not. Since Delphi can easily access most of the Windows API calls, executing the MessageBox Windows API function will do the trick. Defined in the windows.pas unit the one included by default in the uses clause of every Delphi form, the MessageBox function creates, displays, and operates a message box. The message box contains an application-defined message and title, along with any combination of predefined icons and push buttons. Heres how the MessageBox is declared: function MessageBox(  Ã‚  hWnd: HWND;  Ã‚  lpText,  Ã‚  lpCaption : PAnsiChar;  Ã‚  uType : Cardinal) : integer; The first parameter, hwnd, is the handle of the owner window of the message box to be created. if you create a message box while a dialog box is present, use a handle to the dialog box as the hWnd parameter. The lpText and lpCaption specify the caption and the message text that is displayed in the message box. Last is the uType parameter  and is the most interesting. This parameter specifies the contents and behavior of the dialog box. This parameter can be a combination of various flags. Example: System Modal Warning Box When the System Date/Time Changes Lets take a look at an example of creating a system modal topmost message box. Youll  handle the Windows message that is dispatched to all the running applications when the system date/time changes- for example using the Date and Time Properties Control Panel applet. The MessageBox function will be called as:   Ã‚  Windows.MessageBox(   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  handle,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is a system modal message#13#10from an inactive application,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A message from an inactive application!,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  MB_SYSTEMMODAL or MB_SETFOREGROUND or MB_TOPMOST or MB_ICONHAND) ; The most important piece is the last parameter. The MB_SYSTEMMODAL or MB_SETFOREGROUND or MB_TOPMOST ensures the message box is system modal, top most and becomes the foreground window. MB_SYSTEMMODAL flag ensures that the user must respond to the message box before continuing work in the window identified by the hWnd parameter.MB_TOPMOST flag specifies that the message box should be placed above all non-topmost windows and should stay above them, even when the window is deactivated.MB_SETFOREGROUND flag ensures that the message box becomes the foreground window. Here is the full example code (TForm named Form1 defined in unit unit1): unit Unit1;interface ​ uses   Ã‚  Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes,   Ã‚  Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, ExtCtrls; type   Ã‚  TForm1 class(TForm)  Ã‚  private   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  procedure WMTimeChange(var Msg: TMessage) ; message WM_TIMECHANGE;  Ã‚  public   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  { Public declarations }   Ã‚  end;var   Ã‚  Form1: TForm1; implementation{$R *.dfm} procedure TForm1.WMTimeChange(var Msg: TMessage) ;begin   Ã‚  Windows.MessageBox(   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  handle,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is a system modal message#13#10from an inactive application,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A message from an inactive application!,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  MB_SYSTEMMODAL or MB_SETFOREGROUND or MB_TOPMOST or MB_ICONHAND) ;end;end. Try running this simple application. Make sure the application is minimized or at least that some other application is active. Run the Date and Time Properties Control Panel applet and change the system time. As soon as you hit the Ok button (on the applet) the system modal topmost message box from your inactive application will be displayed.

Complete List of Crucible Characters

Complete List of Crucible Characters SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Who are The Crucible characters? What do they do and when do they show up in the play? Find out in this overview of the characters in Arthur Miller's The Crucible. In this article, I'll go over each of the Cruciblecharacters by name, pinpoint which act(s) each character appears in and/or is mentioned in, and briefly describe each character and what she/he does in The Crucible. Central Cast of The Crucible To start off with, I'll discuss the seven characters in The Crucible who are integral to the plot of the drama: John Proctor, Abigail Williams, Mary Warren, Giles Corey, Rebecca Nurse, Reverend Hale, and Elizabeth Proctor. For each of these characters, you'll get an overview of their relationships with other characters in the play, a short description of their personality, and a rundown of the actions they take throughout the play. John Proctor John Proctor is the central character whom the drama of The Crucible revolves around. This primacy is helped by the fact that he has relationships with many of the other characters in the play: Proctor is husband to Elizabeth Proctor, former (adulterous) lover of Abigail Williams, employer of Mary Warren, friend of Giles Corey and Francis Nurse (and by extension their wives), and not a fan (though not precisely an enemy) of Reverend Parris. Proctor is described by Miller as â€Å"respected and even feared in Salem,† having â€Å"a sharp and biting way with hypocrites† even though he â€Å"regards himself as a kind of a fraud† (p. 19) due to his affair with Abigail Williams. Act 1: We find out that Proctor had an affair with Abigail that he says he no longer wishes to continue. Proctor is skeptical of witchcraft and of Parris's claims of persecution and leaves shortly after Reverend Hale arrives at the Parris household. Act 2: Elizabeth and John discuss the events that have been happening in Salem; Elizabeth encourages John to tell the court what Abigail told him about the girls faking it, which triggers a discussion about John's affair with Abigail and his continuing guilt about it. Over the course of the act, Proctor becomes frightened of the power the girls have with their accusations, especially once his wife is arrested for witchcraft. Act 3: Proctor goes to court to fight the charges against his wife and dispute the veracity of the girls' claims; he eventually ends up being accused of witchcraft himself. Act 4: Tormented over whether or not to confess to witchcraft to save himself, Proctor ultimately ends up tearing up his signed confession and going to the gallows with what remains of his integrity intact. For a deeper exploration of John Proctor’s character traits and actions, read our character analysis of him. Abigail Williams Also Known As: Abby Williams Abigail is the niece of Reverend Parris and the cousin of Betty Parris. She also used to work as a servant with the Proctors, before she was sent away by Elizabeth Proctor for having an affair with Elizabeth's husband John. She is friends (or at least acquaintances) with Mercy Lewis and eventually becomes the ringleader of the "afflicted" girls (i.e. the girls who accuse people of being witches). Miller describes Abigail as "seventeen...a strikingly beautiful girl, an orphan, with an endless capacity for dissembling" (p. 8); in essence, he is calling her a pretty little liar. Act 1: Abigail is accused by her uncle of dancing in the woods (possibly naked) and of being soiled; she vehemently denies this, but when he leaves Betty wakes and accuses Abigail of drinking a potion to kill Elizabeth Proctor. Eventually, Abigail manages to get out of being punished by first accusing Tituba of forcing her to drink the potion and then appearing to confess her bewitching and accusing others of witchcraft. Act 2: We find out, first via Mary Warren and then via Ezekiel Cheever, that Abigail has accused Elizabeth Proctor of witchcraft. Act 3: Abigail is questioned about faking her symptoms and denounces it as a lie; she then leads the girls in a hysterical display against Mary Warren when Mary tries to discredit them and succeeds in influencing Mary to abandon her testimony. Act 4: We hear from her uncle, Reverend Parris, that Abigail has run off with Mercy Lewis and some of her uncle’s money. For more about Abigail Williams and her role in The Crucible, read our in-depth discussion of Abby, and our analysis of important Abigail Williams quotes. Me? Accuse someone of witchcraft so I could marry her husband and run off with my uncle's money when that didn't work out? Whyever would you think such a thing? Mary Warren Mary Warren is a servant to John and Elizabeth Proctor and part of the group of girls accusing people of witchcraft. Described by Miller as "seventeen, a subservient, naà ¯ve lonely girl" (p. 17), Mary is motivated both by her desire to be a part of "the great doings in the world" (p. 20) and her fears of getting in trouble (whether with Abigail or the Proctors). Act 1: Mary shows up at the Parris household to confer with Abigail and Mercy about what's going on (since they were all dancing in the woods the night before). Act 2: Mary arrives back at the Proctors' slightly more confident due to her role in the court; she brings Elizabeth a poppet she made and both the Proctors news of what has been happening in Salem and reveals that she managed to stave off one accusation of witchcraft against Elizabeth (although it turns out that after Mary left, Elizabeth was accused again). After Elizabeth is arrested and taken away, Mary is yelled at by John Proctor and told she has to testify in court about how she made the poppet, stuck a needle in it, and gave it to Elizabeth. Act 3: Mary is bullied by John Proctor into testifying how there is nothing supernatural occurring in Salem. This ends up backfiring when she is accused of sending her spirit to torment the girls; eventually, Mary accuses Proctor himself of being a witch and returns to the fold of accusers. Discover more about Mary Warren’s role in The Crucible with our character analysis of her. Giles Corey Giles Corey is husband to Martha Corey and friends with John Proctor and Francis Nurse. A cantankerous old man who has no problem suing even his friends for perceived insults, Giles is described by Miller as "a crank and a nuisance, but withal a deeply innocent and brave man" (p. 38). Act 1: Giles wanders into the Parris house to find out what’s going on. He tells Reverend Hale that he thinks it’s weird his wife Martha reads all the time and that whenever she reads, Giles has trouble praying (conveniently omitting the information that Giles has just started to go to church more regularly and so naturally would have difficulty remembering his prayers). Act 2: Giles comes to the Proctors’ house along with Francis Nurse to report that both their wives have been arrested for witchcraft; he asks Proctor’s advice for what to do Act 3: Giles storms into court to try to prove his wife isn’t a witch. He ends up being condemned for contempt of court when he won’t name the person who told him that Putnam’s daughter accused George Jacobs of being a witch in order to be able to purchase George Jacobs’ forfeited land. Act 4: We learn via Elizabeth Proctor that Giles was pressed to death (with stones on his chest) since he refused to answer the accusations against him one way or another so his property would stay in his family. For a more detailed discussion of Giles Corey and what happened to him, read our dedicated Giles Corey character analysis. Rebecca Nurse Also Known As: Goody Nurse Rebecca is married to Francis Nurse. She is friendly with everyone in Salem except for Ann Putnam, whose concerns over her daughter Ruth Rebecca kind of brushes off in Act 1. Act 1: Rebecca comes over to the Parris household and tries to calm everyone down, saying it’s probably just girls being girls and not anything supernatural. When it becomes clear that everyone else wants to go ahead with the investigation of possible witchy causes for the girls’ behavior, she departs. Act 2: The audience learns from Francis Nurse that Rebecca has been arrested for the murder of Ann Putnam’s seven children who died in infancy. Act 3: The audience learns via Hale that Rebecca has been found guilty of witchcraft in court (p. 80). Act 4: Rebecca is saddened to learn that John is going to confess to witchcraft, then uplifted when he decides not to; they both go to the gallows together. For more discussion of the function of Rebecca Nurse in the play, make sure to read our complete analysis of Rebecca Nurse in The Crucible The Crucible. Reverend John Hale Reverend Hale is an "expert" on witchcraft, called in from Beverly by Reverend Parris as a precautionary measure (in case Betty Parris's affliction is supernatural in nature). Described by Miller at the beginning of the play as "nearing forty, a tight-skinned, eager-eyed intellectual," (p. 30), Hale changes over the course of the play from an idealist who believes he has the power to root out the Devil to a disillusioned man who realizes he has added to a hysteria and caused the deaths of innocents. Act 1: Hale appears in response to Parris’s summons. Excited to use his specialized skills to hunt out the Devil, Hale ends up (inadvertently) pressuring Tituba into confessing until she names names. Act 2: Hale comes to the Proctors to check in on them, since he’s heard some disturbing things about them (John doesn’t go to church often, Elizabeth was accused of being a witch that day, etc); he quizzes John on his commandments and is upset/shocked to hear that the girls might be faking their fits and lying to the court. He seems conflicted (â€Å"in great pain†) but still unwilling to completely accept how thoroughly he’s screwed everything up (p. 68). Act 3: Hale ineffectually tries to stop the juggernaut he has set into motion; he now realizes that witchcraft isn’t as black and white as he thought because at least some of the accusations clearly stem from ulterior motivations and there's no evidence besides hearsay for convictions†¦but it’s too late. Storms off after Proctor is ordered to jail by Danforth (p. 1), denouncing the court and what it is doing. Act 4: Hale has returned to Salem to try to get the accused witches to confess and save their lives so he can feel less guilty/accumulate less blood on his hands. He does not succeed. Reverend Hale, by the end of The Crucible. Reykjavik statue/used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. Elizabeth Proctor Elizabeth Proctor is married to John Proctor. Elizabeth dislikes Abigail Williams, likely due to the fact that John Proctor committed adultery with Abigail. While Miller does not give Elizabeth any specific stage direction descriptions they way he does with many of the other characters, we learn through various bits of dialogue that Elizabeth had been sick the previous winter (p. 61). Act 2: Elizabeth tries to urge her husband to go to town to tell everyone Abigail is a liar – first because it’s the right thing to do, then because she’s worried Abigail is going to accuse Elizabeth of being a witch in order to take her place in John’s life (and bed). She is disappointed that John met with Abigail alone and somehow failed to mention that detail to her, but is not allowed to defend herself because John’s internal guilt causes him to react angrily and volubly to her fears. Elizabeth accepts a poppet from Mary and tries to protect Mary from John’s wrath at Mary's having neglected her duties at home to go off to the court and accuse people of witchcraft. At the end of the act, Elizabeth is arrested and taken in after it’s revealed Abigail called her out as a witch (after Mary Warren and Hale left for the day) and she has that damning poppet with a needle stuck in it. Act 3: Elizabeth is brought into the court to confirm that Abigail Williams was dismissed from her position for sleeping with John Proctor, since John has boasted that Elizabeth never lies. In a crisis of faith, Elizabeth chooses to lie to protect her husband’s reputation; this unfortunately ends up having a negative effect as it undercuts John’s accusation that Abigail is accusing Elizabeth of being a witch in order to marry John. Act 4: Elizabeth is asked by Danforth and Hale to convince John to confess to save his life; instead, she basically just acts as a sounding board while John agonizes over what to do. She also tearfully confesses that John Proctor is the best and that she shouldn’t have judged him because only he can judge himself, and tells him that whatever he chooses is okay by her (p. 127): Do what you will. But let none be your judge. There be no higher judge under Heaven than Proctor is! Forgive me, forgive me, John- I never knew such goodness in the world! She covers her face, weeping. When Parris and Hale try to get Elizabeth to stop John after he’s torn up his confession and is on his way to the gallows, she does not, stating, â€Å"He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him!† (p. 134). Other Salem Residents in The Crucible Aside from the seven central Crucible characters listed above, there are also many other Salem residents who appear in this play. Whether they accuse others of being witches, are accused of being witches themselves, or are simply townspeople with an axe to grind against Reverend Parris, the characters below all contribute to move the action of the plot forward. Reverend Samuel Parris Reverend Parris is the father of Betty Parris, uncle of Abigail Williams, and minister of Salem. He is not portrayed in a positive light in this play, being described by Miller from the very beginning as someone who "cut a villainous path through history" who "believed he was being persecuted wherever he went." Through his actions and words, Parris "very little good to be said for him" (p. 3). Act 1: Parris is worried that Betty is sick, so he has called on Dr. Griggs for medical care and sent for Reverend Hale for spiritual care. He questions Abigail about her dancing in the woods with Betty and Tituba and discusses how he thinks there are people plotting against him and his fears about how people will perceive him if witchcraft is discovered under his roof. Act 3: Still self-important and petty, Parris accuses people who he perceives as a threat or who state they don't believe in witchcraft of lying or having "come to overthrow the court" (p. 82). Act 4: Parris asks Danforth and Hathorne to meet him in jail to discuss the dangers attendant on hanging well-respected members of the community like Rebecca Nurse and John Proctor. Parris explains that he and Hale have been praying with the convicted witches and hoping they'll confess; for Parris, this is because the people about to hang are influential and so their deaths might cause trouble for him. He also mentions that Abigail has disappeared and seems to have stolen his life savings, which prompts Danforth to call him "a brainless man" (p. 7). Parris also tells Danforth that he's been threatened as a result of his actions in the witch trials: â€Å"Tonight, when I open my door to leave my house – a dagger clattered to the ground† (p. 9), but Danforth does not seem to care. Betty Parris Betty is the ten-year-old daughter of Reverend Parris and cousin to Abigail Williams...and doesn't get much more of a character description/development than that. She is the third person in Salem to accuse people of witchcraft (after Tituba and Abby). Other than a brief time onstage in Act 3 (when she chants in unison with the rest of the witch-accusing girls), Betty is only onstage during the opening act of the play. During Act 1, Betty falls ill after dancing in the woods with Tituba and some of the other girls of the village (Abigail Williams, Mercy Lewis, Mary Warren, and Ruth Putnam). When she temporarily rouses from her stupor, Betty accuses Abigail of drinking a potion to kill Goody Proctor (p.18), before falling back into an inert state. Betty livens up again at the end of the act to chime in with her own hysterical accusations of witchcraft. Tituba In her forties, Tituba is Reverend Parris’s slave that he brought with him from Barbados. She is devoted to Betty (p. 7, p. 41) but possibly harbors some resentment against Parris that comes out in her "confession" of witchcraft (p. 44): TITUBA, in a fury: He say Mr. Parris must be kill! Mr. Parris no goodly man, Mr. Parris mean man and no gentle man, and he bid me rise out of my bed and cut your throat! They gasp. But I tell him â€Å"No! I don’t hate that man. I don’t want kill that man.† But he say, â€Å"You work for me, Tituba, and I make you free! I give you pretty dress to wear, and put you way high up in the air, and you gone fly back to Barbados!† Various townspeople (Abigail, Mrs. Putnam) seem to think that Tituba also can "conjure" spirits, which at some points it seems that Tituba herself may also believe ("Devil, him be pleasure-man in Barbados, him be singin’ and dancin’ in Barbados. It’s you folks – you riles him up ‘round here; it be too cold ‘round here for that old Boy. He freeze his soul in Massachusetts, but in Barbados he just as sweet...", p. 3). Act 1: Tituba tries to find out how "her beloved" Betty is doing, but Parris shoos her away; later, she is accused by Abigail of forcing the girls to do the Devil’s work. When pressured by Hale and Parris to confess and give the names of those who are abetting her, Tituba eventually does by naming Goody Good and Goody Osburn (the two women Putnam had previously suggested as witch candidates). Act 4: Tituba is in the jail with Sarah Good, acting as if she very much believes in the Devil. She and Goody Good are hustled out by Herrick to make way for the judges. Susanna Walcott Susanna works for Doctor Griggs and is described by Miller as "a little younger than Abigail, a nervous, hurried girl" (p. 8). Eventually, she joins in with Abigail, Betty, Mercy, and Mary as the "afflicted girls" who accuse others of witchcraft. Act 1: Susanna tells Reverend Parris that Doctor Griggs is concerned Betty’s illness is supernatural in origin (p. 9). Act 2: Susanna has become part of the group of accusers; is one of the people Mary Warren says would’ve witnessed Mary sewing the poppet in court (p. 72). Act 3: Susanna joins in with Abigail and Mercy in accusing Mary Warren of bewitching them via Mary’s bird-shaped spirit (p. 107). steve p2008/used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. Mercy Lewis Mercy is a servant to the Putnams and seems to be the particular caretaker of Ruth. She also appears friendly with Abigail Williams (which makes sense, as they were dancing in the woods together) and contemptuous of Mary Warren. Mercy is described by Miller as "a fat, sly, merciless[get it, get it, because her name is MERCY yet she shows no mercy]girl of eighteen" (p. 16). Act 1: Mercy has come to the Parris house to find out what’s going on. She gets to confer with Abigail about getting their stories straight about what happened in the woods (since Mercy was apparently running around naked in the woods) before she's sent away to get Doctor Griggs for Ruth. Act 3: Mercy is one of the girls in court who accuses Mary Warren of bewitching them via Mary’s bird-shaped spirit (p. 106). Act 4: Parris says that he believes Mercy has run away with his niece, Abigail Williams (p. 6). Mrs. Ann Putnam Also Known As: Goody Putnam, Goody Ann Ann Putnam is wife to Thomas Putnam and the mother of the afflicted Ruth (who we never see onstage) and seven other dead children (who we also never see onstage - because they're dead). There appears to be some friction between her and Rebecca Nurse, possibly because Rebecca Nurse has many living children and grandchildren while Ann only has the one child; it also seems that Rebecca may have chided Ann in the past for not being up to snuff (p. 36): Let God blame me, not you, not you, Rebecca! I’ll not have you judging me any more! Miller further describes Ann as being â€Å"a twisted soul of forty-five, a death-ridden woman, haunted by dreams† (p. 12). So clearly the woman has some issues. Act 1: Ann comes to the Parris household to find out what’s going on and report that her daughter is being afflicted by something possibly supernatural. She knows that the cause of her daughter's illness is something supernatural because she sent her daughter to Tituba to find out (via supernatural means) who murdered Ann’s other seven children in infancy. Ann is ready and willing to believe any explanation for why her children died except that it was natural causes (understandable for a grieving mother). She seizes eagerly upon Tituba’s saying that Goody Osburn was a witch, saying, â€Å"I knew it! Goody Osburn were midwife to me three times. I begged you, Thomas, did I not? I begged him not to call Osburn because I feared her. My babies always shriveled in her hands!† (p. 44). Thomas Putnam Thomas Putnam is husband to Ann Putnam and father of the afflicted Ruth. Described by Miller as "a well-to-do, hard-handed landowner, near fifty" (p. 12) and "deeply embittered" with "a vindictive nature" (p. 14), Putnam has quarrels with nearly every major (male) character who appears onstage in this play. He dislikes Francis and Rebecca Nurse (since their family helped block Putnam’s candidate for minister), Reverend Parris (since he got the job instead of Putnam’s brother-in-law), John Proctor (because he is chopping down wood that Thomas Putnam believes rightfully belongs to him), and Giles Corey (because Corey accuses him of conspiring with his daughter Ruth to kill another man for his land). Act 1: Putnam urges Parris to investigate possible supernatural causes of Betty’s (and his daughter Ruth’s) ailments. Miller intimates (via stage directions) that Putnam doesn’t necessarily believe in witchcraft – he just is looking for a way to gain power and/or make Parris do something dumb that he can then exploit: â€Å"at the moment he is intent upon getting Parris, for whom he has only contempt, to move toward the abyss† (p. 14). Act 3: Putnam briefly shows up in court to say that Giles’ accusations against him are a lie (p.89). Francis Nurse Francis is the husband of accused witch Rebecca Nurse and friends with Giles Corey and John Proctor. Francis is described by Miller as "one of those men for whom both sides of the argument had to have respect," although "as he gradually paid for [the land he'd originally rented] and raised his social status, there were those who resented his rise" (p. 24). Basically, Francis is seen as a fair and upstanding citizen of Salem, although there are some who resent his social-climbing. Through one of Miller's character essays, we learn that Francis is part of the faction that opposed Thomas Putnam’s candidate for minister of Salem (p. 24), which led to bad feelings between the two families (that may have motivated the accusations of Rebecca as a witch). Act 2: Francis lets the Proctors know his wife’s in jail and charged with supernatural murder (p. 67). Act 3: Francis appears in court to present evidence of the girls’ fraud jointly with John Proctor and Giles Corey (p. 80); brings a petition signed by neighbors attesting to his wife’s good name that is then used by the court as a source for arrest warrants, much to Francis’s horror (p. 87) Sarah Good Also Known As: Goody Good The first woman to be accused of witchcraft in Salem, Sarah Good is described by Elizabeth Proctor as â€Å"Goody Good that sleeps in ditches† (p. 58). Act 1: Thomas Putnam floats her name as a possible witch (p. 43); Tituba then picks up on this priming and names her as a co-conspirator (p. 44), followed shortly by Abby (p. 45) Act 2: Mary Warren reports that Sarah Good confessed to attacking the girls supernaturally and so won’t hang; also, Sarah is pregnant at age 60. Act 4: The first (and only) time Sarah Good appears onstage is at the beginning of this act: she is hanging out with Tituba in the jail, acting a little crazy, and seeming to see the Devil. It's unclear whether she thinks the Devil is real or if she’s just playing along at this point because she doesn't have anything to lose and won't be hanged since she's confessed and is pregnant. The Court Officials Besides the general residents of Salem, The Crucible also has the characters involved in the â€Å"legal† part of the witch trials and the â€Å"justice† system. Ezekiel Cheever Cheever was originally an â€Å"honest tailor† (p. 69) but by the time of his appearance in the play (in Act 2) has become â€Å"a clerk of the court† (p. 68). Elizabeth that he "knows [John Proctor] well" (p. 50), but by the time of the trials it is clear that he is no longer held in quite as high esteem ("You'll burn for this, do you know it?", p. 69). Act 2: Cheever comes to arrest Elizabeth Proctor on orders from the court; he is convinced of her guilt when he finds a poppet with a needle stuck in it (p. 70), and isn't willing to believe other explanations for it, even though Mary Warren clearly states that she's the one who made the poppet and stuck the needle in it. Act 3: Cheever testifies about his experience with Goody Proctor and John Proctor in the previous Act (finding the poppet after Elizabeth denied keeping them, John ripping up the arrest warrant); though he prefaces his testimony with an apology to Proctor Marshal Herrick Herrick is the marshal for the court system in Salem, which is to say that he is the person sent to gather up prisoners, stop people from leaving the court and from attacking other people in the court, and lead convicted witches to be hanged. Act 2: Along with Cheever, Herrick comes to the Proctors' house to take Elizabeth Proctor away to the jail, as per orders of the court. Act 3: Herrick vouches for John Proctor’s character (p. 86) and acts as the arm of the court (he stops Proctor from attacking Abigail, stops Abigail from leaving when she’s accused of whorishness, and is asked to take Proctor and Corey to jail). Act 4: Herrick drunkenly clears Sarah Good and Tituba out of on cell of the jail to make way for the judges’ discussion with Parris and Hale. He also shepherds the prisoners (Elizabeth Proctor, John Proctor, and Rebecca Nurse) back and forth between the cells, the main room, and (ultimately) the gallows. Judge Hathorne Judge Hathorne is a Salem judge presiding over the witchcraft trials. Described by Miller in the stage directions as â€Å"a bitter, remorseless Salem judge† (p. 78), Hathorne lives up to that depiction in both word and deed – he shows no mercy to the accused witches or their families and is always willing to believe the worst of people. Judge Hathorne appears in Acts 3 and 4 of The Crucible. Act 3: Hathorne is very concerned with all civilians showing the proper respect to the court and the law (although he's less shrill about it than Parris is). Act 4: Hathorne comes to the jail to confer with Danforth; he is confused by and suspicious of why Hale is back, disapproves of Parris’s increasingly â€Å"unsteady† and wishy-washy demeanor (p. 5), and seems to think everyone is filled with â€Å"high satisfaction† (p. 7) at the hangings of the witches. Fun fact: The character of Judge Hathorne is based on the historical Hathorne who was so reviled that his descendant, author Nathaniel Hawthorne (The Scarlet Letter, House of the Seven Gables), changed the spelling of his last name to avoid being associated with him. Deputy Governor Danforth At the time of the events in the play, Danforth is the Deputy Governor of the entire Province (of Massachusetts). Danforth oversees all of the court proceedings in the play as the highest legal authority. He is described by Miller as "a grave man in his sixties, of some humor and sophistication that do not, however, interfere with an exact loyalty to his position and his cause" (p. 79). While no one in the play seems to like him, exactly, he does command respect from most of the characters, at least at first - as the play continues and it becomes clear that Danforth is more concerned about procedure than justice, characters (including Giles Corey and John Proctor) vocally display their loss of respect for Danforth. Act 3: The audience first sees Danforth in his position as the presiding court judge for the witch trials. Danforth is not swayed by emotion but is swayed by the girls’ demonstrations of witchcraft (perhaps because he can see it with his own eyes, feel their clammy skin, etc). The combination of his dispassionate questioning and his belief in witchcraft means that what logically follows is him ordering the arrests of everyone who signed the petition affirming the good characters of Rebecca Nurse and Martha Corey, holding Giles in contempt of court, and ordering Proctor’s arrest. Act 4: Danforth fills the audience in on what has been going on in Salem between Acts 3 and 4. He continues to lack detectable emotions and base his decisions on legality (e.g. it wouldn’t be fair to postpone the hangings of these witches because we already hanged others) instead of morality (we should avoid killing people unless absolutely necessary and unless all other avenues have been exhausted). When he senses that John Proctor might not be entirely aboveboard in his confession, he warns that if Proctor is lying about being a witch, then he can't stop Proctor from hanging; when Proctor rips up his confession, Danforth feels no qualms about sending him to the gallows (p. 134): Hang them high over the town! Who weeps for these, weeps for corruption! He sweeps out past them. Hopkins A guard at the Salem jail who helps Herrick clear Tituba and Goody Good out of the room to make way for Danforth in Act 4. Hopkins doesn’t even get a first name, and only has one line (p.3) - he's mostly there to announce Danforth's arrival. Unseen Characters in The Crucible There are several characters in The Crucible who don’t actually show up onstage but still play an important role in the play. In one case, a character actually has more lines from offstage (Martha Corey) than another character does onstage (Hopkins), while in other cases these offstage, unseen characters are used to move along the action of the play. Martha Corey Martha Corey is the (third) wife of Giles Corey, accused of witchcraft directly by Walcott (and indirectly by Giles himself). We learn through Francis Nurse that Martha Corey is highly thought of in town - or at least, she was until she was accused of witchcraft (p. 67): ...Martha Corey, there cannot be a woman closer yet to God than Martha. While Martha never appears onstage, she is mentioned in all four acts and has three offstage lines in Act 3. Act 1: Giles first brings up his suspicions that Martha's bookishness is somehow causing him to falter at his prayers (despite the fact that he only started regularly going to church when he married her, and so "it didn't take much to make him stumble over [his prayers]" (p. 38). Act 2: Giles reports that Martha's been taken away after Walcott accuses her of bewitching his pigs; Giles explains that he didn’t mean to imply his wife was a witch because she read books (even though that is absolutely what he implied). Act 3: Martha is heard from offstage being questioned by Judge Hathorne about witchcraft at the opening of the act; later, she is mentioned as being one of two accused witches who 91 people declared their good opinion of in a petition (p. 86-87). Act 4: Martha is mentioned as one of the accused witches Hale is trying to convince to confess; later, when John Proctor asks if Martha’s confessed, Elizabeth confirms that â€Å"[s]he will not† (p. 125). Ruth Putnam The only surviving child of Thomas and Ann Putnam, Ruth, like Betty Parris, shows signs of being bewitched. According to Ruth's parents, Ruth was sent by her mother to Tituba to figure out who supernaturally murdered Ruth's seven dead infant siblings; this is no doubt the reason why Ruth "never waked this morning, but her eyes open and she walks, and hears naught, sees naught, and cannot eat" (p. 13). While she never appears onstage, Ruth (and her strange illness) is used in absentia to corroborate the presence of some supernatural evil in Salem during Act 1. Ruth is only brought up again a couple of times during the rest of the play: in Act 3, the audience learns that Ruth is said to have accused George Jacobs of being a witch (p. 89), and that she is not in the court when John Proctor brings Mary Warren to confront the other girls (p. 94). Sarah Osburn Also Known As: Goody Osburn The name of Goody Osburn first comes up in Act 1, when she is suggested by Thomas Putnam as a possible witch (p. 43). This suggestion is then corroborated by the accusations of Tituba (p. 44) and Abigail Williams (p. 45). In Act 2, we learn that Good Osburn is the first witch to be condemned to hang in Salem (p. 54). We also learn that it's not all that surprising that someone would accuse Goody Osburn of being a witch, since she is â€Å"drunk and half-witted† (p.58). George Jacobs In the first act of The Crucible, George Jacobs is named as a witch by Betty Parris (p. 45). His name briefly comes up in Act 2 as the owner of a heifer John Proctor is thinking about buying for his wife (p. 48), but it is not until Act 3 that he becomes more important. In Act 3, Giles Corey alleges that he's heard that Ruth Putnam accused George Jacobs of witchcraft because convicted witches forfeit their property, and the only person who has enough money to buy up that property just so happens to be Ruth’s father, Thomas Putnam (p. 89): ...the day [Putnam's] daughter cried out on Jacobs, he said she’d given him a fair gift of land... The accusation that Ruth had basically handed her father George Jacobs' property by accusing him of witchcraft, however, is never brought to trial because Giles refuses to reveal the name of the person who told him about Putnam's words; therefore, George Jacobs becomes the indirect cause of Giles being arrested for contempt of court (and, ultimately, pressed to death). Bridget Bishop Also Known As: Goody Bishop Bridget Bishop is a tavern proprietor in Salem (p. 4) and is the first witch named by Abigail who wasn’t also named by Tituba (p. 45). Goody Bishop's main role inThe Crucible is as a contrast to Rebecca Nurse; to illustrate how the people hanged earlier in the play were of lower moral character than those set to hang during Act 4, Parris mentions how Bridget â€Å"lived three year with Bishop before she married him† (p. 7). Doctor Griggs Doctor Griggs is mentioned in Act 1 as the man Parris has consulted with to find out what’s wrong with Betty (p. 8) and in Act 2 as the man who confirms Sarah Good is pregnant (p. 56). He's also the employer of Susanna Walcott. Other People Mentioned in The Crucible In addition to all the characters who we've previously discussed, there are also several other people mentioned over the course of the play. Some of these names are useful to know because they give context to character relationships that shape how events unfold in The Crucible (for instance, James Bayley is the brother-in-law of Putnam who was passed over for minister of Salem due to opposition by other townspeople, including Francis Nurse, which causes bad blood between the two families). Some of the other names might be useful if your teacher asks you to list off people accused of witchcraft over the course of the play, or to list people who accused others of witchcraft. Whatever the reason, if you want a list of every name mentioned in The Crucible, we're here for you: see below for the nittiest-of-the-grittiest table of all the named people in The Crucible. Name Description Citation Mr. Collins Reports seeing Betty Parris flying. p. 12 Ingersoll Owns the barn over which Betty Parris is said to have flown. p. 12 James Bayley Brother-in-law of Thomas Putnam who was prevented from becoming minister of Salem by â€Å"a faction† (including Francis Nurse family). p. 13 John Putnam Brother of Thomas Putnam who helped Thomas jail George Burroughs. p. 14 George Burroughs Minister of Salem jailed for debts he didn’t owe by Thomas and John Putnam (possibly out of spite because Burroughs became minister where Bayley wasn’t able to) p. 14 Edward Putnam Signer of the first complaint against Rebecca Nurse; brother of Thomas Putnam. p. 25 Jonathan Putnam Signer of the first complaint against Rebecca Nurse; brother of Thomas Putnam. p. 25 Goody Howe Accused of being a witch by Betty Parris. p. 45 Martha Bellows Accused of being a witch by Betty Parris. p. 45 Goody Sibber Accused of being a witch by Abigail Williams. p. 45 Alice Barrow Accused of being a witch by Betty Parris. p. 45 Goody Hawkins Accused of being a witch by Abigail Williams. p. 46 Goody Bibber Accused of being a witch by Betty Parris. p. 46 Goody Booth Accused of being a witch by Abigail Williams. p. 46 Jonathan [Proctor] Son of Elizabeth and John Proctor. Is not the person who snared the rabbit eaten for dinner by John and Elizabeth in Act 2. p. 48 Walcott Father or other relative of Susanna Walcott. Accuses Martha Corey of witchcraft against his pigs. p. 68 Judge Stoughton Judge at the Salem witch trials. p. 86 Judge Sewall Judge at the Salem witch trials. p. 86 Mr. Lewis Father of Mercy Lewis; reports he thought his daughter was staying over with Abigail Williams for a night. p. 6 Isaac Ward Drunk Salem resident hanged as a witch; John Proctor is compared favorably to him. p. 7 Goody Ballard Named by Elizabeth Proctor as someone who confessed to being a witch. p. 124 Isaiah Goodkind Named by Elizabeth Proctor as someone who confessed to being a witch. p. 124 Common Discussion Topics for The Crucible Characters Now you know all about the characters in The Crucible. But what might you be asked about them? Here are some common essay questions/discussion topics about characters in The Crucible. Practice answering them for yourself to gain a deeper understanding of the play (even if your teachers don't end up asking you these specific questions). Choose a character who you think might represent a certain "type" of person. In your essay, argue which type of person this character represents. Use evidence from the play to support your claims. Be sure to explain why Arthur Miller might have chosen to have this character represent this type of person. Compare and contrast Elizabeth Proctor and Abigail Williams. How is each woman affected by her position in the Puritan theocracy of Salem? How do different characters serve as foils for each other (e.g. Elizabeth and Abigail, Hale and Danforth)? How do characters change throughout the play, namely John Proctor, Mary Warren, and Reverend Hale? How does John and Elizabeth Proctor’s relationship drive the play? Choose one character from The Crucible. Then, argue whether their actions throughout the drama are selfish or sacrificial. Are they heroic or villainous? Was Proctor’s decision not to confess foolish or noble? Is John Proctor a tragic hero? Is The Crucible as a whole a tragedy? How does John Proctor’s dilemma change over the course of the play? Can we fully blame Abigail for the events in the play? For more about how to write effectively about the characters of The Crucible, be sure to read our article on character analysis in The Crucible. What’s Next? Looking for specific character analyses from The Crucible? We’ve got detailed guides to John Proctor, Abigail Williams, Mary Warren, Giles Corey, and Rebecca Nurse on our blog. Want a rundown of the play's action? Then be sure to read our full plot summary of The Crucible. Are you wondering, â€Å"What themes does this play cover? Is McCarthyism somehow involved?† Find out with our discussions of The Crucible themes and McCarthyism in The Crucible! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: